主权专利基金:模式、效应及完善路径     

孟奇勋  张一凡  范思远 《科学学研究》2016,34(11):1655-1622

近年来,日本、韩国和法国政府相继设立主权专利基金,预示着专利交易市场的竞争模式进入全新的发展阶段。主权专利基金在扶持国内产业参与国际竞争方面具有积极意义,但也可能演变为一种潜在的贸易防御措施,并激发新一轮的全球专利竞赛。实践中,我国政府也开启了主权专利基金运营的初步探索。从完善路径来看,需要对主权专利基金的市场运营予以应对:一是优化我国专利交易运营市场体系;二是加强政府与社会资本合作;三是提高专利诉讼风险防范能力;四是深化各国主权专利基金之间的合作交流。  相似文献   

弗得伯格模型与我国企业专利竞赛策略   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高山行  戴荣 《研究与发展管理》2002,14(5):29-33

介绍弗得伯格等人的二阶段专利竞赛模型,并将该模型与后动企业的竞争战略联系起来,提出了后动企业在专利竞赛中可以选择的三种战略,即理性的不战而退战略、进攻性的速战速退战略、防守性的紧跟战略,从而为后动企业参与专利竞赛提供了战略选择的依据。  相似文献   

中国古诗英译中的视角转变与意境再现     

李宏霞 《沈阳教育学院学报》2011,(6):20-22

研究了中国古诗英译的视角选择问题,认为鉴于英汉诗歌在语言特征、格律规律、审美倾向和文化思维等方面的差异,中国古诗英译过程中,译者可以不拘泥于原诗的形式,而根据译诗的意境来灵活选择视角。提出了采用局中人视角,将原诗的旁叙译为自叙,采用第二人称、将原诗的旁叙译为对叙;增译第二人称、将原诗的自叙译为对语等具体方法。  相似文献   

海西区域投资环境外宣翻译的现状及对策——以“宁德市07-09年招商投资讲话稿”英译本为例     

林丽霞 《福建师大福清分校学报》2011,(6):78-84

本文以＂宁德市07-09年招商投资讲话稿＂英译文本为个案,分析了当前海西招商投资环境外宣翻译的现状及其深层次原因,提出了以受众为中心,充分考虑到接受者的目的需求和期待心理,从交际的功能来重构语篇的外宣语用等效翻译策略。并提出译者要遵循＂经济简明＋突显主要信息＂原则的同时,把握好＂情感问题＂,达到审美再现,力求外宣翻译的最佳＂社会效应度＂,实现外宣翻译预期的交际功能。  相似文献   

浅析文学作品的风格翻译     

谢贝妮 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2011,31(1):67-68

风格的翻译对文学作品的翻译起着关键作用。因此文学作品的翻译不仅应再现原文的思想内容,而且应该再现原文的风格。风格可以通过一定的方法在译文中得以再现。对风格的可译性、风格的再现及如何处理译者风格和原作风格的关系等问题进行讨论,使我们对风格的翻译有更深层次更全面的理解。  相似文献   

汉、回、蒙古族MBL基因Exon Ⅰ 54位密码子点突变频率及血浆含量相关性研究     

李萍  韩瑞  程建君  贾天军  张庶民 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2008,25(3)

目的:初步调查我国北方地区汉、回、蒙古族健康人群MBL基因ExonⅠ54位密码子点突变的情况,检测其血浆MBL含量,探讨二者的相关性。方法:用PCR-RFLP检测MBL基因点突变频率;用MBLOli-gomerELISA试剂盒测定血浆MBL含量。结果:健康汉族人该基因突变频率0.23,血浆MBL含量均值1.99±1.50mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.62);回族人突变频率0.15,MBL含量均值3.40±2.55mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.67);蒙古族人基因突变频率0.18,含量均值2.52±1.95mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.64)。结论:健康汉、回、蒙古族人MBL基因54位密码子点突变频率与其血浆含量均呈负相关。  相似文献   

植物自花授粉的类型及其适应性进化     

杨期和  杨和生  李姣清 《嘉应学院学报》2011,29(8):55-64

综述了植物自花授粉的方式和类型,分析了自花授粉的生态适应性、可能的进化趋势及其影响因素.自花授粉是指两性花中雌雄蕊之间的授粉,通常也包括同株异花间的授粉.植物按授粉方式可分为自花授粉植物、异花授粉植物和常异花授粉植物3类.在自然界很少有绝对自花授粉的植物,都存在一定频率的异交,根据其自交发生的时间,可将自交分为3种方式:优先自交、竞争自交和滞后自交.自交进化的假说主要集中在两个方面,即繁殖保障和自动选择优势,并已得到广泛的数据支持.分子生物学和生态学相结合的研究方法将进一步揭示植物自花授粉的形成与进化机制.  相似文献   

新石器时代原始崇拜所体现的先民创造精神     

池万兴 《丹东师专学报》2011,(6):114-119

新石器时代是一个思考与探索的时代,人类的思维水平获得了长足的发展。在此基础上产生了自然崇拜、祖先崇拜与生殖崇拜。这三大原始崇拜反映了人类认识自然、战胜自然和认识人类自身、探索宇宙奥秘和人类组织结构形式的伟大创造精神。  相似文献   

‘Race’ talk! Tensions and contradictions in sport and PE     

Kevin Hylton 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2015,20(5):503-516

Background: The universal sport discourses of meritocracy and equality are so engrained that few challenge them. The most cursory interest in sport, Physical Education (PE), and society will reveal that the lived reality is quite different. Racial disparities in the leadership and administration of sport are commonplace worldwide; yet, from research into ‘race’ in sport and PE, awareness of these issues is widespread, where many know that racism takes place it is generally claimed to be somewhere else or someone else. For many, this racism is part of the game and something to manipulate to steal an advantage; for others, it is trivial. This paper explores the contradictions and tensions of the author’s experience of how sport and PE students talk about ‘race’ and racism. ‘Race’ talk is considered here in the context of passive everyday ‘race’ talk, dominant discourses in sporting cultures, and colour blindness.

Theoretical framework: Drawing on Guinier and Torres’ [2003. The Miner's Canary: Enlisting Race, Resisting Power, Transforming Democracy. London: Harvard University Press] ideas of resistance through political race consciousness and Bonilla-Silva’s [2010. Racism Without Racists: Colour-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Plymouth: Rowan and Littlefield] notion of colour blindness, the semantics of ‘race’ and racialisation in sport and PE are interrogated through the prism of critical race theory (CRT). CRT is used here to centre ‘race’ and racialised relations where disciplines have consciously or otherwise excluded them. Importantly, the centring of ‘race’ by critical race scholars has advanced a strategic and pragmatic engagement with this slippery concept that recognises its paradoxical but symbolic location in society.

Discussion: Before exploring ‘race’ talk in the classroom, using images from the sport media as a pedagogical tool, the paper considers how ‘race’ is recreated and renewed. The paper then turns to explore how the effortless turn to everyday ‘race’ talk in the classroom can be viewed as an opportunity to disrupt racialised assumptions with the potential to implicate those that passively do so. Further, the diagnostic, aspirational, and activist goals of political race consciousness are established as vehicles for a positive sociological experience in the classroom.

Conclusion: The work concludes with a consideration of the uses and dangers of passive ‘race’ talk and the value of a political race consciousness in sport and PE. Part of the explanation for the perpetuation of ‘race’ talk and the relative lack of concern with its impact on education and wider society is focused on how the sovereignty of sport and PE trumps wider social concerns of ‘race’ and racism because of at least four factors: (1) the liberal left discourses of sporting utopianism, (2) the ‘race’ logic that pervades sport, based upon the perceived equal access and fairness of sport as it coalesces with the (3) ‘incontrovertible facts’ of black and white superiority (and inferiority) in certain sports, ergo the racial justifications for patterns of activity in sport and PE, and (4) the racist logic of the Right perpetuated through a biological reductionism in sport and PE discourses.  相似文献   

Pacing profiles and pack running at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships     

Brian Hanley 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1189-1195

The aim of this study was to describe the pacing profiles and packing behaviour of athletes competing in the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Finishing and split times were collated for 491 men and 347 women across six championships. The mean speeds for each intermediate 5 km and end 1.1 km segments were calculated, and athletes grouped according to finishing time. The best men and women largely maintained their split speeds between 5 km and 15 km, whereas slower athletes had decreased speeds from 5 km onwards. Athletes were also classified by the type of packing behaviour in which they engaged. Those who ran in packs throughout the race had smaller decreases in pace than those who did not, or who managed to do so only to 5 km. While some athletes’ reduced speeds from 15 to 20 km might have been caused by fatigue, it was also possibly a tactic to aid a fast finish that was particularly beneficial to medallists. Those athletes who ran with the same competitors throughout sped up most during the finish. Athletes are advised to identify rivals likely to have similar abilities and ambitions and run with them as part of their pre-race strategy.  相似文献